Cover rows of hardy annuals growing outdoors with cloches or horticultural fleece if hard frost threatens.

Continue clearing ground for new beds, digging and leaving soil rough for the frost to break it down. Add compost or well-rotted manure at the same time and remove roots of perennial weeds.

Finish the planting of tulips and hyacinths.

Complete autumn planting of climbers and wall shrubs if the ground is not too wet or frozen.

Take hardwood cuttings from hardy climbers such as jasmine and honeysuckle.

Prune apple and pear trees once the leaves have fallen.